NAG (N-Acetyl Glucosamine)

NAG N-acetyl glucosamine is considered to be a “skin identical ingredient”, meaning it’s found in our skin in the spaces between the cells, and it is used to maintain skin’s barrier abilities and reduce dryness. Studies have shown that NAG can increase collagen production, increase moisture content of the skin, increase elasticity of the skin, increase exfoliation, and increase the speed of wound healing. It is a known precursor to hyaluronic acid, a major component of skin structure. Hyaluronic acid is essential for hydration and n-acetyl glucosamine has been shown to increase moisture. NAG has been shown to reduce hyperpigmentation and can be combined with niacinamide to further increase its ability to reduce hyperpigmentation. One study showed that a formulation of 2% niacinamide and 4% NAG significantly reduced the appearance and amount of hyperpigmentation of age spots and uneven skin pigmentation. Another eight week, double blind study showed a reduction in facial hyper pigmentation using NAG alone. NAG inhibits the glycolysation of pro-tyrosinase, which results in the reduction of melanin in the skin. N-Acetyl Glucosamine is an amino sugar that has skin exfoliating properties similar to alpha and beta hydroxyl acids without the irritation.  NAG can normalize the exfoliation of the stratum corneum, so it can be a good replacement for acid based exfoliation ingredients that might annoy sensitive or rosacea prone skin. High concentrations of NAG – as high as 10% – have not shown noticeable irritation of the skin. It is soluble at up to 25%, although only solutions below 10% will remain clear and colourless. Key attributes: Increases hyaluronic acid production in the skin Repairs and treat sun damage Reduces the appearance of wrinkles Accelerates wound healing Reduces trans-epidermal water loss Improves skin tone Improves barrier function Reduces hyperpigmentation Improves skin hydration Applications: Anti-aging products Exfoliating products Brightening products Uses: Water based toners Creams and Lotions Silicone serum Formulation Specifications pH: 3.5-5  Assay: 99.5% Usage rate: 1-7%  (Recommended 4% Glucosamine with 2% Niacinamide)